Harassment and stalking

Understanding harassment and stalking

Harassment is when someone repeatedly behaves in a way that causes you alarm or distress, or makes you fear that they will be violent towards you. It could be: 

• sending you texts, emails or voicemails or letters or gifts you don’t want
• making threats online or in person
• bullying you at work or at school

Stalking involves behaviour which is fixated, obsessive, unwanted and repeated (‘FOUR’). It could be when someone repeatedly follows you, spies on you or forces contact with you, including through social media. Stalking can also include unwanted contact from that person turning up at your home unannounced.

This behaviour can be very frightening and distressing, but there are lots of organisations that can help. Find support in your area.

Is it a crime? 

Harassment and stalking are both criminal offences. But it’s sometimes hard to know when you’re being harassed or stalked. A single incident might not seem significant until you realise that it’s part of a pattern. 

If you call your local police force, they can assess the situation and see what help they can give you, even if you aren’t ready to report the crime yet. 

You can also start keeping a record of what’s happened and anything you’ve been sent. This will help demonstrate the number of incidents and the effect they’ve had on you.

Getting emotional and practical support

If you, or someone you know, thinks they have been a victim of stalking, contact the National Stalking Helpline on 0808 802 0300 or through their online tool.  Independent Stalking Advocates will help you to understand the law in relation to stalking and harassment in the UK. They will explain to you how to effectively gather evidence and report stalking or harassment. Independent Stalking Advocates can also advise you on how to improve your safety and that of your family and friends through practical steps to reduce risk. 

Protection orders

Restraining Orders

If the person harassing you has been prosecuted and convicted, the court can give them a restraining order. Restraining orders are helpful when you and the perpetrator know each other. They protect you from any future contact that could cause you further fear or distress. The court can also give a restraining order if the perpetrator is found not guilty, but where it’s clear that you still need protection.  

Restraining orders usually last for 12 months but could be longer or indefinite in some circumstances. Breaching a restraining order is a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of up to 5 years’ imprisonment. 

Non-Molestation Orders

A non-molestation order may also apply to some cases of harassment. If you’re the victim of harassment and the perpetrator is someone you’re living with, in a relationship with, or a family member, you can ask the family court for a non-molestation order. The police won’t be involved unless the perpetrator breaches the order. In this case, the police can arrest the perpetrator and they could be charged, with a maximum penalty of up to 5 years’ imprisonment. 

Stalking Protection Orders

If you are a victim of stalking, the police may be able to apply for a Stalking Protection Order (SPO) on your behalf. This is a civil order which can impose restrictions on the perpetrator. For example, it could restrict the perpetrator from being within a set distance from your house, or it could require them to attend a perpetrator programme to address their behaviours. These orders have a criminal penalty for breach with a maximum sentence of 5 years’ imprisonment.

Find out more information on Stalking Protection Orders.

After reporting harassment or stalking

If you’ve been persistently targeted, you’re entitled to extra help from the police, courts and victim services. This could include: 

• arranging for a specialist support service to contact you
• letting you know within 1 working day what’s happening with the suspect – for example, if they’re being released on bail
• letting you know about special measures that could help you give evidence in court

You can read more about your rights in the Victims’ Code.